Hep
L ' Hepatitis A is always caused by a picornaviruses, HAV is classified today as a prototype of the new genre of Hepatovirus , and has an incubation period ranging from 15 to 50 days. L ' Hepatitis A usually has a benign course and self-limiting, asymptomatic forms are frequent, especially during epidemics and in children. However
happen to have more severe forms of hepatitis A with protracted course and also forms fulminant and rapidly fatal. The disease is lethal in a proportion of cases that stood between 0.1% and 0.3%, but can reach up to 1, 8% in adults above 50 years. Typically the disease, which lasts for 1-2 weeks, the manifest with fever, malaise, nausea, abdominal pain and jaundice, accompanied by elevations in transaminases and bilirubin. Patients recover fully, without ever chronic. There is no chronic carrier state of virus A, nor in the blood or faeces.
HOW ARE TRANSMISSION: The transmission of ' Hepatitis A case for faecal-oral route. The virus is present in the faeces 70-10 days before the onset of symptoms until a week later, while in the blood for only a few days. Typically the infection occurs by direct contact from person to person or through consumption of food or water crudi o non cotti a sufficienza, soprattutto molluschi, contaminati con materiale fecale contenente il virus. Solo raramente sono stati osservati casi di contagio per trasfusioni di sangue o prodotti derivati.
L’ Epatite A è diffusa in tutto il mondo sia in forma sporadica, sia epidemica. Nei paesi in via di sviluppo con scarse condizioni igieniche-sanitarie, l’infezione si trasmette in maniera rapida tra i bambini, nei quali la malattia è spesso asintomatica, e molti adulti risultano pertanto già immuni alla malattia. Nei paesi economicamente più sviluppati, le migliorate condizioni igienico-sanitarie hanno invece determinato una riduzione della diffusione dell’infezione tra i bambini ed una resulting in more widespread among adults due to a higher proportion of susceptible individuals who also have an increased risk of severe clinical forms clear and pure. This is probably due to the fact that they were infected in the first years of life: in this case, the disease has a minimum and allows course of immunization. However, even with improved conditions of hygiene, the percentage of adults immunized in developing countries is much lower than in the past, so there has been an increase in outbreaks of hepatitis A .
In industrialized countries, transmission is common within families and occurs sporadically in the nursery, where children are present that use pannolini.L 'infection is also frequent among subjects who did travel to countries where the disease is endemic.
PREVENTION: From the standpoint of prevention for the ' Hepatitis A in Italy are two different vaccines that provide protection from infection as early as 14-21 days. Vaccination is recommended in patients at risk, including those who are suffering from chronic liver disease, homosexuals, those who travel in countries where the ' Hepatitis A is endemic, for those who work in environments where contact with the virus , for addicts, family members and contacts of patients with hepatitis A. acute Very important are the general rules of hygiene for the prevention of faecal-oral route (personal hygiene, washing and cooking vegetables properly, shellfish etc..) And the control of the cultivation and marketing of seafood.
happen to have more severe forms of hepatitis A with protracted course and also forms fulminant and rapidly fatal. The disease is lethal in a proportion of cases that stood between 0.1% and 0.3%, but can reach up to 1, 8% in adults above 50 years. Typically the disease, which lasts for 1-2 weeks, the manifest with fever, malaise, nausea, abdominal pain and jaundice, accompanied by elevations in transaminases and bilirubin. Patients recover fully, without ever chronic. There is no chronic carrier state of virus A, nor in the blood or faeces.
HOW ARE TRANSMISSION: The transmission of ' Hepatitis A case for faecal-oral route. The virus is present in the faeces 70-10 days before the onset of symptoms until a week later, while in the blood for only a few days. Typically the infection occurs by direct contact from person to person or through consumption of food or water crudi o non cotti a sufficienza, soprattutto molluschi, contaminati con materiale fecale contenente il virus. Solo raramente sono stati osservati casi di contagio per trasfusioni di sangue o prodotti derivati.
L’ Epatite A è diffusa in tutto il mondo sia in forma sporadica, sia epidemica. Nei paesi in via di sviluppo con scarse condizioni igieniche-sanitarie, l’infezione si trasmette in maniera rapida tra i bambini, nei quali la malattia è spesso asintomatica, e molti adulti risultano pertanto già immuni alla malattia. Nei paesi economicamente più sviluppati, le migliorate condizioni igienico-sanitarie hanno invece determinato una riduzione della diffusione dell’infezione tra i bambini ed una resulting in more widespread among adults due to a higher proportion of susceptible individuals who also have an increased risk of severe clinical forms clear and pure. This is probably due to the fact that they were infected in the first years of life: in this case, the disease has a minimum and allows course of immunization. However, even with improved conditions of hygiene, the percentage of adults immunized in developing countries is much lower than in the past, so there has been an increase in outbreaks of hepatitis A .
In industrialized countries, transmission is common within families and occurs sporadically in the nursery, where children are present that use pannolini.L 'infection is also frequent among subjects who did travel to countries where the disease is endemic.
PREVENTION: From the standpoint of prevention for the ' Hepatitis A in Italy are two different vaccines that provide protection from infection as early as 14-21 days. Vaccination is recommended in patients at risk, including those who are suffering from chronic liver disease, homosexuals, those who travel in countries where the ' Hepatitis A is endemic, for those who work in environments where contact with the virus , for addicts, family members and contacts of patients with hepatitis A. acute Very important are the general rules of hygiene for the prevention of faecal-oral route (personal hygiene, washing and cooking vegetables properly, shellfish etc..) And the control of the cultivation and marketing of seafood.
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